Destruction Of Forests and How To Cope

Indonesia has 10 per cent of the world's tropical forests remaining. Indonesia's forests have 12 percent of mammal species / mammals, 16 percent owner of the animal species of reptiles and amphibians. 1519 bird species and 25 percent of the world's fish species. Most of them are endemic (found only in those areas). Area of ​​natural forests native to Indonesia shrank at a pace that is alarming. Until now, Indonesia has lost its original forest cover by 72 percent [World Resource Institute, 1997]. Indonesia deforestation is not controlled for decades led to the shrinkage of tropical forests on a large scale. Deforestation 1985-1997 period recorded 1.6 million hectares per year, whereas in the period 1997-2000 to 3.8 million hectares per year. This makes Indonesia is one of the highest deforestation rates in the world. In Indonesia based on the interpretation of Landsat imagery in 2000 there were 101.73 million hectares of forest and degraded land, including an area of ​​59.62 million hectares are in forest areas. [Ministry of Forestry Planning Agency, 2003]. With the reduction in forest cover Indonesia, the large areas of Indonesia has become an area prone to disasters, both droughts, floods and landslides. From 1998 to mid 2003, there were 647 disasters have occurred in Indonesia in 2022 of casualties and losses of billions of dollars, of which 85 percent of the disaster is catastrophic floods and landslides that caused damage to forests [National Coordination for Disaster Management, 2003]. What about Riau? During 2004, covering an area of ​​not less 1008 hectares of land in Riau burned. Fires causing the haze that had some time ago in the Riau region and beyond. The area burned is an area of ​​1008.51 hectares spread over six districts and cities, such as an area of ​​727.5 hectares Siak, Bengkalis (152 ha), Rokan Hilir (80.75 ha), Indragiri Hilir (40.26 ha), Pekanbaru (24 ha) and Dumai City area of ​​4 hectares. Event of forest fires that occurred back in early 2005 with no small loss. (Environmental Impact Management Agency (Bapedalda) Riau province). With the destruction of Indonesia's forests, we will lose a variety of animals and plants that have been the pride of the nation of Indonesia. Meanwhile, Indonesia's forests has been a source of life for the rest of Indonesia. Forest is where the provider of food, medicine providers as well as a place to live for most of the people of Indonesia. With the loss of forests in Indonesia, causing them to lose their source of food and medicine. Along with the increasing destruction of Indonesia's forests, indicating the increasing levels of poverty the people of Indonesia and some of the poor in Indonesia to co-exist with the forest. In 1998, CIFOR, the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) and the United States Forest Service, with additional funding from the European Union, starting a multi-disciplinary study focused on eight sites vulnerable to fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan. To determine why the fire happened, who's responsible, how the fire spread and habitat types which are most at risk. Most of the data? Hot-spot? fire and satellite images showed the fire started in the sea of ​​companies and pulp of oil palm plantations, which commonly use fire to clear land. However, it seems clear that the origin of fire was also triggered by a variety of reasons. Timber concessions, resettlement and development of plantations of agro-industry paved the way entered into the areas that were previously isolated. This prompted an increase in scale and number of fires. Shortage of formal rules governing the rights of private ownership and public led to the use of fire as a weapon in land tenure conflicts. The fire is also used by small landholders to clear land to grow food crops and industry, by the transmigrants, by shifting cultivators, and by hunters and fishermen. Deforestation and degradation of natural forests to provide wood remnants of combustible and creating landscapes that are more vulnerable ground fire. Ironically, the reality is also compounded by a corrupt state government, where the forest is considered as a source of money and can be drained out for individual interests. Natural resources for economic asset used as personal and group interests. This can be seen when the Riau provincial government leluasanya sell sea sand to Singapore during the period 1978? 2002 leaving great loss. Thousands of acres? Ground water? we move, while the deepest suffering felt by ordinary people. The dredging of sea sand, makes a serious threat to fisheries, tourism and territory. Worse, the environmental damage was not accompanied by empowering environment either by government or private parties that exploit the natural wealth of Indonesia and Riau in particular. Quite the opposite in fact increase the damage to the environment by dumping industrial waste dilahan society such as rivers, sea or land and other actions that are damaging to the environment. Solutions and Conclusions The declaration of the government program which is coordinated by the office of Minister for Environment, among others, the earth's seven main activities sustainable, sustainable natural resource, program times clean, blue sky program, Adipura, sustainable marine and coastal environment and management needs the support and participation of the wider community and agencies involved and the international community in its implementation. In conjunction with the "compliance and enforcement", the establishment of the Civil Investigator Officers / investigators Environment Sector, BAPEDAL also show sincerity and strong government commitment. Anniversary as the world's environment with the theme? Green Cities? on 5 May 2005 needs to be appreciated by an active pro-active attitude. Should the central government to local government real action and not just? Hot and overflowing? overflowing? on concepts and mere ceremonial events. What was done by the government to celebrate the city of Pekanbaru in a world environment with a theme? Clean and Green Cities Movement? need to be emulated by the county / city. Greening the city and the land barren and the preservation of the marine environment is a priority of the clean development mechanism. It is believed that forests are the lungs of the world that can absorb carbon and provide oxygen for life on earth. Forest functions as a store of ground water may also be disrupted due to forest destruction continued. This will impact on the increasingly frequent droughts in the dry season and flooding and landslides in the rainy season. Ultimately, this will seriously impact on people's economic condition. While the sea is believed to save a lot of potential flora and fauna to be an attractive asset to the area of ​​eco-tourism approach. Of the management of a neat, systematic and environmentally sound development into the main spirit. Poverty alleviation programs and health and environmental issues must be made immediately with the assumption of thinking that one of the causes of environmental degradation is acute poverty in developing countries. Without a comprehensive treatment of the issue of poverty, the international community efforts to implement sustainable development agenda will be in vain. In this regard, developing countries agreed principle that poverty is one cause of many other important causes such as consumption and production patterns are not sustainable and the unavailability of financial resources and appropriate technology. The pattern of development as the primary vision of the Governor of Riau with K2i formulation (Development in the sector to eradicate ignorance, poverty and infrastructure development) deserves to be appreciated. But the concept needs to be translated K2i with the applicable development strategy. Assertion of the Governor to fight ignorance and poverty should not only stay dipodium and pieces of speech. What is needed now is action rill from the government by taking into account the balance of the ecosystem of the earth, where the environment is a partner of regional development. Government policy for regional development is not only concerned with political and economic elements to the exclusion of environmental interests. We can not make the separation between the elements? elements. The idea of ​​Emil Salim (2002) with the economic paradigm in the environment is quite interesting to be discussed. According to the orientation of national economic development still needs to be encouraged but empowering environment to include in it as the main partner for sustainable development. Institutional environment that has been established as Bapedalda and non-governmental agencies such as WALHI, as well as the wider community need to take control of government policies that do not favor the interests of the people. In the corporate sector which directly manage local natural resources, such as Caltex, RAPP, as well as the company? Other large companies have to pay attention to the agreement that ISO-14 000 mengamanahkan to increase environmentally sound production patterns, build factories or companies green (green company) with a target of workplace safety, health and the environment are maximized and production patterns with a zero waste (zero waste). Borrowing AA? Gym, that to do what is reflecting? aspire will not succeed without the support of human consciousness. Therefore - in terms of maintaining the environment, start small, like throwing cigarette butts out of place, Start with yourself and start from now. Let us love ourselves and other creatures on earth by continuing to maintain and preserve the environment.